He was the first Supreme Court justice of Italian ancestry. During his tenure at Virginia, he served the federal government as general counsel to the Office of Telecommunications Policy (1971–72) and as chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States (1972–74). allowed to use race as a plus factor in determining whether a student should be admitted. Reagan 1986) Race-based college preference should be done, after 25 years Grutter v. Bollinger upheld the University of Michigan Law School's consideration of race and ethnicity in admissions. Coauthor of. Scalia did not deny the validity of such critiques, but he argued that his approach was nevertheless superior to any other method at reducing inappropriate influences on judges’ decisions. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. AZ law allows tax credits for contributions made to school tuition organizations (STOs). In Texas v. Johnson (1989) and United States v. Eichman (1990), for example, he joined narrow majorities that struck down bans on flag burning on free-speech grounds, despite his professed sympathy toward such laws. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Voting 7-2, the court upholds the provisions of Washington state's Promise Scholarship program, which offers taxpayer-funded scholarships to low-income college students enrolled in secular studies. Nel 1967 divenne professore di diritto all'Università della Virginia. Chapter 2 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act channels federal funds for educational materials such as library media and computer software, to public and private schools to implement secular, neutral, and nonideological programs. About 30% of Chapter 2 funds spent in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, are allocated for private schools, most of which are religiously affiliated. A differenza di altri suoi colleghi conservatori, come l'ex giudice William Rehnquist o Clarence Thomas, il giudice Scalia ha mantenuto un punto di vista a favore del potere nazionale e di un esecutivo forte. Suo padre, Salvatore Eugenio, un professore di lingue romanze originario di Sommatino presso Caltanissetta, era emigrato dalla Sicilia all'età di 15 anni. Ampiamente considerato come un pilastro dell'ala conservatrice della Corte Suprema, per le questioni di interpretazione costituzionale aderiva alla dottrina della interpretazione originaria della Costituzione (originalismo). Antonin Scalia, (born March 11, 1936, Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.—died February 13, 2016, Shafter, Texas), associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1986 to 2016, well known for his strong legal conservatism. He recognized and vigorously supported those constitutional constraints that he considered to be well established in historical practice. La carica gli permise di viaggiare per l'Europa tra il 1960 e il 1961. (Dissent by Rehnquist, joined by Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas). Antonin Scalia on Education Supreme Court Justice (nominated by Pres. I due divennero genitori di nove figli: Eugene (procuratore e futuro segretario del lavoro nella presidenza Trump), Ann (occupazione nell'ambito fiscale, ex avvocato presso il Dipartimento del Lavoro USA), John, Catherine, Mary, Paul (ordinato sacerdote nella diocesi della contea di Arlington, Virginia, nella Chiesa di Santa Rita), Matthew (laureato alla West Point, attualmente sta lavorando come istruttore ROTC all'Università degli Studi di Delaware), Christopher (ora all'Università del Wisconsin) e Margaret (studente dell'Università della Virginia). Si laureò primo nella sua classe cum Laude presso la Università di Georgetown nel 1957. AZ taxpayers sued the state, challenging this law on Establishment [of religion] Clause grounds. Il 10 settembre 1960 Scalia si sposò con Maureen McCarthy, laureata in inglese presso il Radcliffe College. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Pertanto Scalia prende in considerazione solo il testo della Costituzione quando analizza i casi. Off the bench, some of Scalia’s activities and remarks also fueled criticism that his legal opinions were motivated by conservative political ideology. In un momento in cui la Presidenza e il Senato erano in mani repubblicane, Scalia ha sostenuto che una politica di riavvicinamento sulla base del "non fare nulla" può creare per le politiche nazionali uno stato di "auto-maturità" ai fini di raggiungere obiettivi politici conservatori. He appeared to relish his role as the brightest star of the conservative legal movement, and he regularly spoke at gatherings of the Federalist Society, an influential organization of conservative and libertarian legal professionals. Such constraints included: (1) limits on federal power and guarantees of state sovereignty—e.g., his majority opinion in Printz v. United States (1997), in which he held that the federal government could not require state and local law-enforcement agencies to perform background checks on prospective gun owners; (2) the checks and balances imposed by the separation of powers—e.g., his lone dissent in Morrison v. Olson (1988), in which he held that the Independent Counsel Act (1978) infringed on powers that the Constitution provided exclusively to the executive branch; and (3) the individual rights articulated in the Bill of Rights—e.g., his majority opinion in Crawford v. Washington (2004), which found that the use of out-of-court statements by witnesses who are not present at trial violates the Sixth Amendment’s confrontation clause (which protects the right of criminal defendants to confront the witnesses against them). Antonin has 7 jobs listed on their profile. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Another of Scalia’s opinions that upset many conservatives was his ruling for the majority in Employment Division v. Smith (1990), which reduced the level of scrutiny that courts needed to apply in considering the validity of government restrictions on the free exercise of religion. Scalia admonished judges whom he viewed as insufficiently committed to a well-developed judicial philosophy, a failure he believed would invite judging that was improperly based on personal preferences and biases. Scalia resumed his academic career at Georgetown University (1977) and the University of Chicago Law School (1977–82). La carriera giudiziaria di Scalia è iniziata nel 1974 come assistente procuratore generale. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonin-Scalia, The First Amendment Encyclopedia - Biography of Antonin Scalia, Legal Information Institute - Antonin Scalia, Antonin Scalia - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, Arlington Central School District Board of Education v. Murphy. Prior to this case, affirmative action had to correct the effects of historic discrimination. Scalia generalmente votò contro le leggi che fanno distinzione in base alla razza, al sesso o all'orientamento sessuale. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. His mother, Catherine Louise (née Scalia was known for his generally conservative legal opinions. (Majority opinion written by O'Connor, joined by Stevens, Souter, Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 19 set 2020 alle 12:18. Scalia attended a Roman Catholic high school in New York City and graduated at the top of his class from Georgetown University (A.B., 1957) in Washington, D.C. The dissent argued the Law School's "critical mass" admissions policy was an attempt to achieve an unconstitutional type of racial balancing. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Come cattolico Scalia frequentò la Xavier High School, una scuola cattolica Gesuita di Manhattan. One such opinion that drew widespread condemnation was his dissent in Lawrence v. Texas (2003), in which the court had struck down a Texas antisodomy law as an unconstitutional invasion of privacy. In occasione di una conferenza sul federalismo nel 1982, Scalia ha sfidato i conservatori a rivedere il loro punto di vista ostile al potere nazionale. Secondo lui, la Costituzione deve essere interpretata con original intent cioè come coloro che scrissero il documento, senza ulteriori reinterpretazioni. But Scalia’s opinions sometimes deviated from conservative policy and preferences in important ways, particularly with regard to the civil liberties protected in the Bill of Rights. Omissions? Inoltre, riteneva che la pena di morte fosse costituzionale. Antonin Scalia, "Le due facce del federalismo. Critics also complained that the historicism required by Scalia’s methods did not identify a single best interpretation any more readily than other approaches and consequently left just as much room for judges to base decisions on personal beliefs. Presso la Corte suprema, Scalia è stato il leader delle voci conservatrici. For part of the latter period he served as editor of Regulation, a review published by the conservative American Enterprise Institute. Gonzales Raich 545 US, 1 (2005) (Scalia, J., concurring); J.B. Staab, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia dies at 79, USA: è morto il giudice della Corte Suprema Antonin Scalia, Basilica dell'Immacolata concezione a Washington, https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonin_Scalia&oldid=115590354, Giudici della Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti d'America, Errori del modulo citazione - date non combacianti, Voci con template Collegamenti esterni e qualificatori sconosciuti, Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità, licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo. The public schools in many of the poorer parts of Cleveland were deemed failures, and the legislature enacted the Pilot Project Scholarship Program to provide tuition vouchers for up to $2,250 a year to attend participating public or private schools.
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