Santacruz A, Marcos A, Warnberg J, Marti A, Martin-Matillas M, Campoy C, et al. Res. By far, the organ colonized with the largest microbial population is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains over 70% of all the microbes in the human body (Sekirov et al., 2010). 43, 1581–1589. Primers were characterized by melting curve analysis, agarose gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing and synthesized at GenScript Co. (Nanjing, China). Raibaud P, Galpin JV, Ducluzeau R, Mocquot F, Oliver G. Ann Microbiol (Paris). To investigate whether these Lactobacillus spp. Our results indicated that the downregulation of transporter genes may have contributed to the absorption of GL and GA in vivo. The impact of the gut microbiota on drug metabolism and clinical outcome. 2001;67(6):2578–85. 2015;2(8):968–84. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. was generated with WebACT (BLASTN with default parameters) [73] and visualized with the Artemis Comparison Tool (ACT, score cutoff with 2000) [74]. The identified CDSs were searched against the NCBI non-redundant protein database with BLASTP. (D) SEM images of L. murinus adherence to the Caco-2. J Clin Invest. L. murinus has also been reported to successfully colonize in rodent intestines and to possess protective properties for necrotizing enterocolitis (Isani et al., 2018). Briefly, one L4 hermaphrodite was transferred to per mNGM plate and 15 plates were set up per condition. Franceschi C, Bonafe M, Valensin S, Olivieri F, De Luca M, Ottaviani E, et al. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.001, Zhang, J. H., Zhang, J. M., and Wang, R. (2018). According to the increase in error by removing a specific OTU from the set of predictors, each OTU was assigned a score of mean decrease in accuracy (MDIA) as its importance score. Interplay between weight loss and gut microbiota composition in overweight adolescents. PLoS One. Nature 551, 585–589. Article The mass spectrometer was operated using an electrospray atmospheric pressure ionization source in negative ion mode (ESI-) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. Random forests were employed to construct a classification model between the NC and CR groups at day 84 (the classification error with leave-one-out cross validation was zero), and 50 OTUs were highly predictive for the differentiation between the gut microbiota of the CR group and that of the NC group (Fig.
Additionally, our previous research work showed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was extremely decreased in the liver cirrhosis group compared with the healthy group. USA.gov. Turnbaugh PJ, Backhed F, Fulton L, Gordon JI. 1973;118(10):130-40. a Body weight curves. Google Scholar. 2009;9:123. 2010;26(19):2460–1. The animal study was reviewed and approved by Animal Studies Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. 67, 5477–5485. Furthermore, the ability of L. murinus to mediate the absorption of GL and GA was investigated; we used the Caco-2 Transwell model of the small intense in vitro to investigate the potential effect on GL intestinal absorption by L. murinus.
Endoc Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. Surface-layer proteins (Slps) derived from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 was found to block the adherence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 to epithelial cells and to attenuate pathogen-induced changes in epithelial barrier function in vitro [46]. FP and CZ carried the bacterial whole genome data analysis. BMC Bioinformatics. Microbiome Ann. Next, we cultured L. murinus and two other common and available lactobacilli, L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus, with GL in vitro and screened for the GL biotransformation ability. Compared with the NC group, the CR mice exhibited a significant decrease in body weight after just 1 week (Fig. Obesity. Lactobacillus murinus CR147, an isolate in the most abundant operational taxonomic unit (OTU) enriched by CR, downregulated interleukin-8 production in TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells and significantly increased the lifespan and the brood size of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. MBio. 2015;18(2):183–97. (B) Plasma concentration profiles of GA treated with L. murinus in the healthy group. Among the three lactobacilli, L. murinus has the highest transformation rate, about 8.3% in 24 h culture, compared with the other two Lactobacillus strains (Figure 1E). Sci. Worms were also censored as described above. Additionally, gut microbiota has also exhibited the ability to metabolize endogenous and exogenous substances, especially orally administered drugs; more than 50 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs have been reported to have clinical interaction with gut microbiota (Wilson and Nicholson, 2017; Zhang et al., 2018). doi: 10.3945/an.114.005835. Edgar RC, Haas BJ, Clemente JC, Quince C, Knight R. UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity among probiotic Lactobacillus species heck isolated from fermented foods. (2019). Epub 2019 May 21. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. L. murinus from stationary-phase cultures were washed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), following centrifugation at 2,500 × g for 5 min and resuspension in DMEM. Figure 4. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Google Scholar. 1e) and lowered fasting serum insulin (Fig. Sample sizes are the same as in Fig. Colonization of the mouse upper gastrointestinal tract by lactobacillus murinus: a histological, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study. The bacterial culture supernatant (BCS) was separated from bacterial cells through centrifugation at 5000×g for 10 min, filtered through a 0.22-μm filter (Millipore Co., Cork, Ireland) and stored at − 80 °C until use. Most herbal medicines are extracted by water or ethanol to generate decorations, infusions, or tincture for oral administration (Xu et al., 2017). Considering that worms fed only L. murinus CR141 or CR147 had much smaller body sizes and brood sizes (data not shown), we tested the influence of L. murinus CR141 or CR147 on the reproduction and lifespan of worms in combination with Escherichia coli OP50, standard food for C. elegans in the laboratory. All cultures were grown in Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) broth (Solarbio, Beijing, China) and propagated twice in MRS broth prior to use. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were both reported as beneficial probiotics, and L. acidophilus has been proven to play an important role in the deglucosylation step of glycoconjugated phytochemicals (Theilmann et al., 2017). doi: 10.1038/nature24628, Wilson, I. D., and Nicholson, J. K. (2017). Lactobacillus murinus HF12 colonizes neonatal gut and protects rats from necrotizing enterocolitis. Nat Rev Microbiol.
CAS However, the concentration of GA metabolized from GL was significantly decreased in the model group. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed on a CFX96 real-time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad, United States) using SYBR® Premix Ex TaqTM (Tli RNaseH Plus), Bulk. N in the plots indicates the days after calorie restriction when a specific CAG began to change, as determined by an absolute value of its logarithmic (base 2)-fold change in relative abundance greater than 1 (|log2-fold change| > 1). Mann-Whitney U test (two-tailed) was used to analyse the variation between the NC and CR groups at the same time point.
Issues Mol. A marker of endotoxemia is associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders in apparently healthy Chinese.
All mobile-phase solvents were of HPLC grade, and all reagents were of analytical reagent grade. Short-term calorie restriction alters the gut microbiota in mice.
Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O'Sullivan O, Greene-Diniz R, de Weerd H, Flannery E, et al. ns, no significant difference; **P < 0.01 vs OP50 group (control). Further experiments need to be performed to determine the specific metabolites or cell components that mediate the health benefits of L. murinus CR147. 2c). Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is closely related with liver cirrhosis, especially the depletion of Lactobacillus. (D) Plasma concentration–time curves of GA in healthy and liver cirrhosis group. 2007;56(7):1761–72.
Sensitivity of MRM was optimized by infusing a mixture of GL and GA, 1 μg/ml each, in the mobile phase. Appl Environ Microbiol. Data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. Fourteen days after the first inoculation, fresh feces were collected for gut microbiota analysis. b Clustering of the gut microbiota between different groups calculated with multivariate analysis of variances (MANOVA) test using the first 25 principal components (PCs) (accounting for 80.73% of total variations) of PCoA based on Bray-Curtis distance.
Science.
The sequences of each sample were subsampled to 8000 (1000 permutations) to even the difference in sequencing depth among samples for further analysis. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Appl Environ Microbiol. However, the current concept of bioavailability of oral drugs is usually based on the normal animal gut (Enright et al., 2016). 81774156). Surface-layer protein extracts from Lactobacillus helveticus inhibit enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 adhesion to epithelial cells. Each mNGM plate contained 10 mg of bacteria (wet weight). Homologous regions within the two genomes identified by BLASTN are indicated by red (same orientation) and blue (reverse orientation) bars. Diabetes 110, 257–261. Improvement of intestinal absorption of forsythoside A and chlorogenic acid by different carboxymethyl chitosan and chito-oligosaccharide, application to Flos Lonicerae-Fructus Forsythiae herb couple preparations. (2014). Zhou B, Yang L, Li S, Huang J, Chen H, Hou L, et al. n = 10 for both groups for all analyses except n = 9 in the NC group for b. Reproduction assays for strains CR141 and CR147 were performed in two separate experiments with more than ten worms. Lactobacillus is one of the genera that are most commonly used as probiotics, and members of this genus have been shown to be anti-inflammatory and protective of gut barrier function. Taken together, although L. murinus CR141 and CR147 have highly similar genome sequences, only strain CR147 showed health-promoting effects both in vitro and in vivo. 1a).
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