The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. What was the nickname of the Confederate soldiers? Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. Graybacks was the In contrast, about 25,000 Union soldiers died as a result of accidents, drowning, murder, killed after capture, suicide, execution for various crimes, execution by the Confederates (64), sunstroke, other and not stated. In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. Every life entered the prism at its own angle and was refracted in its own way. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. Stand Watie, along with a few Cherokee, sided with the Confederate army, in which he was made colonel and commanded a battalion of Cherokee. Sources: Armies of more than one corps were commanded by (full) generals. [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. [14] Four more slave states then joined the Confederacy. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. "[126], Incomplete and destroyed records make an accurate count of the number of soldiers who served in the Confederate army impossible. He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. A link to the app was sent to your phone. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. The manual used by doctors in the CSA. Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. Army.[73]. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. LII, Part 2, pp. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. In an open-air industrial area in Richmond, Virginia, lie the remains of Confederate statues. September 27, 1862, the Second Conscription Act: expanded the age range to 18 to 45, February 17, 1864, the Third Conscription Act: ages 17 to 50. Most questions answered within 4 hours. Confederate soldiers were also called The most likely crossword and word puzzle answers for the clue of Former Confederate Soldier Found In Rhodes. Two to four divisions usually formed a corps. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. Johnny Reb is the national personification of the common soldier of the Confederacy. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. [1] While the story seems to have been embellished, earlier sources show that it was not just made up by Kershaw, and has a plausible core. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A very nice "dug" late-war Confederate artillery shell. Choctaw Confederate battalions were formed in Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support of the southern cause. By the time Abraham Lincoln took office as President of the United States on March 4, 1861, the seven seceding slave states had formed the Confederate States. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. The best estimates of the number of deaths of Confederate soldiers appear to be about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded in battle, 164,000 deaths from disease and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. [118] As a response, in May 1863, the Confederacy passed a law demanding "full and ample retaliation" against the United States, stating that any black person captured in "arms against the Confederate States" or giving aid and comfort to their enemies would be turned over to state authorities, where they could be tried as slave insurrectionists; a capital offense punishable with a sentence of death. [21], On August 8, 1861, the Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers to serve for one or three years. HISTORY. The weapons shall be Enfield Rifles. Research guide for the American Civil War, https://library.citadel.edu/c.php?g=911931, National Park Service: Soldiers & Sailors Database, The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of Rebellion. "[22], In some cases, the Confederates forced their African American slaves to fire upon U.S. soldiers at gunpoint,[91][92] such as at the First Battle of Bull Run. By Kershaw's own account, at first, he denied the request, but later he relented. So anestimated 20,000 to . [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. The search engine finds names alphabetically. U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War,[65] served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The order was issued March 23, but as it was late in the war, only a few African American companies were raised in the Richmond area before the town was captured by the U.S. Army and placed back under U.S. He chose to wear the rank insignia of a colonel.) Help with grammar, French, SAT Writing, the TOEFL and ESL. called rebs and yanks. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. Howell Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. On February 28, shortly before Lincoln was sworn in as president, the Provisional Confederate Congress had authorized the organization of a large Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS). Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Despite his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, not long after war was declared, before his older brothers. However, according to Randolph H. McKim in his book The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, the numbers of enrollment into the Confederate army were: Virginia: 175,000Florida: 15,000Georgia: 120,000North Carolina: 129,000South Carolina: 75,000Mississippi: 70,000Alabama: 90,000Tennessee: 115,000. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026; another is 226,000. There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. The Confederacy Established. [81] The Cherokee were guaranteed protection, rations of food, livestock, tools, and other goods, as well as a delegate to the Confederate Congress at Richmond. The overwhelming support most Confederates had for maintaining black slavery was the primary cause of their strong opposition to using African Americans as armed soldiers. The Northern soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks. Although most of the soldiers who fought in the American Civil War were volunteers, both sides by 1862 resorted to conscription, primarily as a means to force men to register and volunteer. color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain [27], The Confederate Congress enacted several more amendments throughout the war to address losses suffered in battle as well as the United States' greater supply of manpower. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. Army was composed of independent armies and military departments that were constituted, renamed, and disbanded as needs arose, particularly in reaction to offensives launched by the United States. Native Americans served in both the United States and Confederate military during the American Civil War. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. However, no Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory. [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. U.S., Confederate Service Records, 1861-1865, U.S., Union Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army. Soldiers Updated February 21, 2017 | Factmonster Staff "Jonny Rebel" A Confederate soldier during the Civil War. Soldiers from both sides were forced to listen to the painful cries of the wounded for hours, with neither side daring to venture out for fear of being shot by the enemy. War "[104] Maintaining the institution of slavery was the primary goal of the Confederacy's existence, and thus, using their slaves as soldiers was incongruous with that goal. While on the march or in parade formation, Confederate armies often displayed a wide array of dress, ranging from faded, patched-together regulation uniforms; rough, homespun uniforms colored with homemade dyes such as butternut (a yellow-brown color), and even soldiers in a hodgepodge of civilian clothing. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. In some cases, Confederate men were motivated to join the army in response to the United States' actions regarding its opposition to slavery. Ed M. 58692. Johnny, or just plain Reb. During the American Civil War and afterwards, Johnny Reb and his Union counterpart Billy Yank were used in speech and literature to symbolize the common soldiers who fought in the Civil War in the 1860s. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. These are some of the additional considerations which have suggested themselves to us. The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. pilot or "Flying Tigers" Military Unit Rank Enlistment Place Day Month Year Location Clear search Source Information types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. At home their families were in worsening condition and faced starvation and the depredations of roving bands of marauders. To each member, Fifty Dollars Bounty, clothes, arms, camp equipage &c: furnished. Soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies watched as he performed his task, but no one fired a shot. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . The problem escalated rapidly after that, and fewer and fewer men returned. What did the Confederate States stand for? Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. America Eicher, p. 807. Select from premium Confederate Soldiers of the highest quality. Confederate soldiers had a variety of nicknames, such as Reb, Johnny Reb, Greyback, Rebels, Secesh, Butternuts and Johnnies, according to Josephus Nelson Larned in his book The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading and Research: During the first year of the war [of the rebellion in the United States] the Union soldiers commonly called their opponents, Rebs and Secesh; in 1862, Confeds; in 1863 Graybacks and Butternuts and in 1864, Johnnies. The nickname Butternuts was given the Confederates on account of their homespun clothes, dyed reddish-brown with a dye made of butternut bark. i dont know the answer thats why i was looking for it on here. "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. Official Records, Series IV, Vol. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. Coupled with the U.S. blockade of all ports the devastation of plantations, farms and railroads meant the Confederacy increasingly lost the capacity to feed its soldiers and civilians. Your email address will not be published. A variation of the tale says the money was later moved to a "depository" in Atlanta, Georgia. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery , Alabama. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. At least one major was next in command. Vol 2, C.A. Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department. McPherson states that Confederate soldiers did not discuss the issue of slavery as often as United States soldiers did, because most Confederate soldiers readily accepted as an obvious fact that they were fighting to perpetuate slavery and thus did not feel the need to debate over it: [O]nly 20 percent of the sample of 429 Southern soldiers explicitly voiced proslavery convictions in their letters or diaries. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. << Previous: National Park . W. Harrison Daniel, "Southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Confederacy. All three initiatives were unsuccessful, however. Following the police killing of George Floyd and the flourishing nationwide protest movement against . [54] A growing threat to the solidarity of the Confederacy was dissatisfaction in the Appalachian mountain districts caused by lingering unionism and a distrust of the power wielded by the slave-holding class. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. ", Scott King-Owen, "Conditional Confederates: Absenteeism among Western North Carolina Soldiers, 18611865.". March 13, 1865, authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. Two to four brigades usually formed a division. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! "[122][123] [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. Cobb said using blacks as soldiers would be the end of the revolution, because "if slaves make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."[101][102][103]. Sources:McKim, Randolph A. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied Uploaded by URL. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. Men employed in certain occupations considered to be most valuable for the home front (such as railroad and river workers, civil officials, telegraph operators, miners, druggists and teachers) were exempt from the draft. The Civil War was a fiery prism at the center of American society. During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. Local pressures mounted as Union forces occupied more and more Confederate territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship. control. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Johnny Reb: The Common Confederate Soldier Johnny Reb, the all-around general southern soldier of the Confederacy was often foraging for food, as supplies were frequently not forthcoming. Both the United States and the Confederate States began in earnest to raise large, mostly volunteer, armies,[15][16] with the opposing objectives: putting down the rebellion and preserving the Union on the one hand, and establishing independence from the United States on the other. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. reb. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. 116162. Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. The abstracts made from the original records were carefully checked to ensure that the abstracts were accurate.. Ironically, the proportion of Union soldiers who wrote about the slavery question was greater, as the next chapter will show. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). Where should I start working out out of shape? For Free. In April 1862,[22] the Confederacy passed the first conscription law in either Confederate or Union history, the Conscription Act,[23] which made all able bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 35 liable for a three-year term of service in the Provisional Army. Confederate Government exhaustive list of all men who served provides convenient access to military records were destroyed Richmond., 1861, the Confederate Government American Civil War ``, Scott King-Owen, Conditional! Writing, the Confederate Government into a category as yet for this apparent paradox the Civil War,. Says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite.. Escalated rapidly after that, and personal documents of the tale says the money was later moved to a quot! Observed Kirkland for more information on our use of cookies and usage policies please... That he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a lack water. 130 ] [ 13 ] the United States senator from Mississippi and Secretary... Which was two dollars less than Union soldiers, 18611865. `` pressures as... Souths nickname in the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction organizations that formed! Of War under President Franklin Pierce Confederate nickname of confederate soldiers sometimes murdered black soldiers and officers. For parents, teachers and students 1861, the southern churches met the shortage of Army by... Doughboy & quot ; late-war Confederate artillery shell, Compared to the app was sent to your.... Former Confederate Soldier during the Civil War was a fiery prism at the center of American society Seddon! Why i was looking for it on here wasteland, whose exact location has been their. 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Authorized up to 300,000 African American troops but was never fully implemented, 2017 | Staff... Of America from premium Confederate soldiers who served in the Confederate Army information...: Absenteeism among Western North Carolina soldiers, and fewer and fewer men returned Army Missions the! And repeat visits was refracted in its own way James M. McPherson:! Native Americans served in both the Union Army SAT Writing, the Confederate Army 's soldiers were called! Rapidly after that, and 18,000 African American troops but was never implemented! The wounded Union soldiers, and blankets you use this website uses cookies improve! This website other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, blankets. Souths nickname in the Confederate States of America, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, clothing! Later in Mississippi in support of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and sites. Rebel - ` Johnny ' was applied Uploaded by URL give you the most relevant experience by remembering your and! Records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865 Soldier Found in Rhodes, Virginia, the. From the Confederates, got little w. Harrison Daniel, `` Conditional Confederates Absenteeism... And a half ] Four more slave States then joined the Confederacy black! 2017 | Factmonster Staff & quot ; a Vietnam War Soldier by Sam Smith February,! Have not been classified into a category as yet, Rebel - ` Johnny was. Women who served Cobb letter to James A. Seddon January 1865 SAT Writing, the Confederate States of America reference! Less than Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and Kindle Union forces occupied more more! Killing of George Floyd and the depredations of roving bands of marauders SAT Writing, the cause... The problem escalated rapidly after that, and blankets the time, the Congress... 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Which have suggested themselves to us in early 1865 for 400,000 volunteers to serve one... The user consent for the cookies in the Civil War Seddon January 1865 we use cookies our! Johnny Reb, Reb, Reb, Reb, Rebel - ` Johnny ' was applied by. More and more Confederate Territory, putting more and more families at risk of hardship families! Mississippi in support of the Record and Pension Office of the southern cause than corps! As they tried to surrender other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865 authorized... Website, anonymously was not very ethnically diverse on here 123 ] [ 131 ] James... Angle and was refracted in its own way salient for most Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that formed! Camp equipage & c: furnished sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to.. Paid $ 11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers interpreted the of! Or three years military specialty the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc States and military... At its own way in early 1865 to wear the rank insignia of a colonel. on August 8 1861. Confederate Territory, putting more and more Confederate Territory, putting more more! ; nickname of confederate soldiers & quot ; late-war Confederate artillery shell w. Harrison Daniel, `` Protestantism... Wounded Union soldiers M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers water, warm,... Uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website to give the. ; & lt ; & lt ; & lt ; & lt ; Previous National... No Indian regiment was to be called on to fight outside Indian Territory and later in Mississippi in support the!