The crew originally designated for Apollo 14, Jim Lovell as the commander, Ken Mattingly as CMP and Fred Haise as LMP, all of whom had backed up Apollo 11, was made the prime crew for Apollo 13 instead. The Apollo 14 basalts are generally richer in aluminum and sometimes richer in potassium than other lunar basalts. [102], Roosa was able to see the sun glinting off Antares and view its lengthy shadow on the lunar surface on Orbit 17; on Orbit 29 he could see the sun reflecting off the ALSEP. from the California Institute of Technology in 1957 and a … They were the only Apollo crew to be quarantined both before and after the flight. If the problem recurred after the descent engine fired, the computer would think the signal was real and would initiate an auto-abort, causing the ascent stage to separate from the descent stage and climb back into orbit. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. There were a few basalts that were collected in this mission in the form of clasts (fragments) in breccia. National Air and Space Museum [29] On June 30, 1970, following the release of the accident report and a NASA review of what changes to the spacecraft would be necessary, NASA announced that the launch would slip to no earlier than January 31, 1971. These were germinated after the return to Earth, and widely distributed around the world as commemorative Moon trees. Then they set to work. Following the first direct (first orbit) rendezvous on a lunar landing mission, docking took place an hour and 47 minutes later. [114] They remained there until their release from quarantine on February 27, 1971. [77], At 81:56:40.70 into the mission (February 4 at 1:59:43 am EST; 06:59:43 UTC), the Service Propulsion System engine in the SM was fired for 370.84 seconds to send the craft into a lunar orbit with apocynthion of 169 nautical miles (313 km; 194 mi) and pericynthion of 58.1 nautical miles (107.6 km; 66.9 mi). Roosa, meanwhile, took pictures from on board Command Module Kitty Hawk in lunar orbit. From NASA SP-272, Apollo 14 Preliminary Science Report. [31] In addition to the normal training workload, they had to supervise the changes to the command and service module (CSM) made as a result of the Apollo 13 investigation, much of which was delegated by Shepard to Roosa. Roosa, who had practiced the maneuver many times, hoped to break the record for the least amount of propellent used in docking. Liftoff occurred at 18:48 GMT, February 6, after 33 hr on the lunar surface. Although the primary mission objectives for Apollo 14 were the same as those of Apollo 13, provision… After liftoff from the surface and a successful docking, the spacecraft was flown back to Earth where the three astronauts splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean on February 9. Shepard was the oldest U.S. astronaut when he made his trip aboard Apollo 14. The Fra Mauro formation is composed of ejecta from the impact event that formed Mare Imbrium, and scientists hoped for samples that originated deep under the Moon's surface. Also included in the packet was a single microfilm Apollo Prayer League “Lunar Bible Honor Roll” containing 3,569 names of individuals and organizations designated by Prayer League members as having contributed to a worthy cause or to enriching the lives of others. [100][101] After the mission, troubleshooting found a tiny piece of aluminum contaminating the shutter control circuit, which caused the shutter to operate continuously. [66] These had been flown on Apollo 13, but Shepard and Mitchell were the first to use them on the Moon. Once the combined Kitty Hawk and Antares reached the Moon, and Antares separated from the control module to begin its descent, more problems cropped up. Other goals were the photography of deep-space objects, lunar surface photography for future mission sites, communications tests and deploying and testing new hardware. Apollo 14 launched during heavy cloud cover and the Saturn V booster quickly disappeared from view. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. The following astronauts made up the backup crew for the mission: John W. Young (pilot on Gemini 3, backup pilot on Gemini 6, command pilot on Gemini 10, backup CM pilot Apollo 7, CM pilot on Apollo 10, backup commander for Apollo 13, and commander of Apollo 16) was the backup commander; Stuart A. Roosa (CM pilot on Apollo 14, and backup CM pilot for Apollo 16) was the CM pilot backup; Charles M. Duke Jr.,(backup LM pilot for Apollo 13 and LM pilot on Apollo 16) was backup LM pilot. The resulting seismic signal lasted for 1.5 hr and was recorded by both instruments. Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the Apollo Program. This mission was a two day stay on the lunar surface and carried out two EVAs. He was backup command module pilot for Apollo 14. The third mission to land on the moon. All three crew members are now dead, making Apollo 14 the first of the six successful moon landing missions whose crew have all passed away. Apollo 14 Astonaut Edgar Mitchell (left) returns the packet of flown Lunar Bibles to NASA Chaplain Rev. [80], Shepard stated, after stepping onto the lunar surface, "And it's been a long way, but we're here. [9], Prime and backup crews for both Apollo 13 and 14 were announced on August 6, 1969. [112], The command module Kitty Hawk splashed down in the South Pacific Ocean on February 9, 1971, at 21:05 [UTC], approximately 900 miles (1,400 km) south of American Samoa. Another of the original seven, Gordon Cooper, had (as Apollo 10's backup commander) tentatively been scheduled to command the mission, but according to author Andrew Chaikin, his casual attitude toward training, along with problems with NASA hierarchy (reaching all the way back to the Mercury-Atlas 9 flight), resulted in his removal. The Apollo 12 instrument would also be activated by the spent Apollo 14 S-IVB booster, which would impact the Moon after the mission entered lunar orbit. Astronauts Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, and Edgar Mitchell flew the mission. [83] On the way back to the LM, the astronauts collected and documented lunar samples, and took photographs of the area. [72] Two legs combined with the wheels to provide four-point stability when at rest.
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