As two continental plates push together, the stress forces them both upwards. What benefits do they bring us? Enormous slabs of lithosphere move unevenly over the planet’s spherical surface, resulting in earthquakes. Is it more likely to break deep within Earth’s crust or at the surface? Determine how the composition of magma determines the explosiveness of the volcanic eruption. Deformed rocks are common in geologically active areas. Stresses. Four types of stresses act on materials. Dynamic Earth: Introduction to Physical Geography. Brittle strain occurs when the stress is great enough to break (fracture) the rock. Describe the causes of tectonic stress and how they influence earthquakes and volcanoes. The type of tectonic forces that create mountains are called converging plates. When subjected to stress, a rock can undergo one of three kinds of deformation (strain): elastic, brittle, or plastic. Tectonics (from Latin tectonicus; from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikos), meaning 'pertaining to building' ) are the processes that control the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# What if the stress applied is sharp rather than gradual? CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Plastic strain results in a permanent change in the shape of the rock. Enormous slabs of lithosphere move unevenly over the planet’s spherical surface, resulting in earthquakes. This chapter has several goals and objectives: http://www.opengeography.org/physical-geography.html. Tectonic Forces. For example, a volcanic agglomerate may be compacted and its pyroclastic fragments stretched (strained) in response to a tectonic stress, such as compression. Deformation is called elastic strain if the body of rock returns to its previous shape after the stress has been removed. When the rocks are exposed at the surface after uplift and erosion, the effects of the stress can be studied. Previous What beneficial roles do tectonic forces have ecologically and for humanity? What role do earthquakes and volcanoes have on civilization? How could understanding Earth’s tectonic forces help save lives? This chapter deals with two types of geological activity that occur because of plate tectonics: mountain building and earthquakes. bookmarked pages associated with this title. Sudden stress, such as a hit with a hammer, is more likely to make a rock break. from your Reading List will also remove any Describe the various types of fault lines and volcanoes and the landforms they form. Strains. Removing #book# Could humans live in places along the Wasatch Front without the Wasatch fault and the earthquakes it causes? Describe the various types of fault lines and volcanoes and the landforms they form. Weathering and Erosion. When the rocks are exposed at the surface after uplift and erosion, the effects of the stress can be studied. Search for: Causes and Types of Tectonic Stress. 1) Forces generated from within the earth that result in uplift, movement, or deformation of part of the earth`s crust. When rocks under stress do not return to its original shape when the stress is removed, it is called plastic deformation. First, we will consider what can happen to rocks when they are exposed to stress. Chapter 5: Tectonic Forces In this assignment, we will investigate where current earthquakes are today, from a ground-sensed motion. How does plate tectonics explain where and why earthquakes and volcanoes occur where they do? Stress is the force applied to an object. Three kinds of stress can be applied to rocks: tensional, compressive, and shear. Rocks are under This chapter has several goals and objectives: Describe the causes of tectonic stress and how they influence earthquakes and volcanoes. We will then analyze how properties of volcanoes are influenced by the crust and tectonic plate boundaries nearest them. Compression is the most common stress at convergent plate boundaries. Understand where earthquakes and volcanoes are located around the world and why. When stress causes a material to change shape, it has undergone strain or deformation. tectonic forces can yield a variety of configu-rations in rock structure, depending on the na-ture of the rocks and the nature of the applied forces. A ductile rock is one that “flows plastically” in response to stress. Learning Outcomes. http://www.opengeography.org/physical-geography.html, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Millook_cliffs_enh.jpg, A deeply buried rock is pushed down by the weight of all the material above it. Tectonic forces are divided into three principal types that differ in the direction of the applied forces ( Fig.
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